台美解雇大不同，誰的鐵飯碗更鐵

In the United States, the dominant legal doctrine is at-will employment. Under this framework, an employer can dismiss an employee at any time, for any reason, or for no reason at all, without warning or severance pay, provided the termination is not discriminatory. While this system sounds harsh to outsiders, proponents argue it fosters a highly dynamic labor market, allowing companies to pivot quickly during economic downturns and encouraging them to hire more freely because letting staff go carries little legal risk.

Conversely, Taiwan's Labor Standards Act (勞動基準法) treats employment as a relationship that should be preserved whenever possible. Firing a worker is considered a last resort. To legally terminate an employee for performance issues, Taiwanese employers must demonstrate they have exhausted all options, typically by putting the employee through a structured Performance Improvement Plan (PIP). If layoffs are necessary due to company restructuring, the employer must notify the local labor bureau in advance and pay statutory severance.

This legal divide shapes distinct corporate cultures. US professionals often maintain a state of constant readiness, keeping their resumes updated and networking continuously. In Taiwan, the concept of the iron rice bowl (鐵飯碗) historically referred to public sector jobs, but the strict labor laws have effectively extended a high degree of job security to the private sector as well, prioritizing stability over market agility.